The Reflexive Gulf: Deterrence, Deception, and the New Security Doctrine

Illustration by Dinmukhamed Kairulla. The Saudi and Emirati strikes on Iranian territory during the past two months mark a turning point in the evolution of Gulf security doctrine. For decades, the Arab Gulf states cultivated an image of cautious pragmatism, relying on diplomacy, alliances, and deterrence-by-proxy to manage their fraught

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